PostgreSQL 8.2.3 婺桺桺懼
劯锔媆锔䆹20. 䫘潙螴臕媆誕嬉誕

20.1. pg_hba.conf 桺傽

垵潙䆇螴臕滇䫌婔婻陉䘞桺傽(锔婩劉婺 pg_hba.conf)毓彽䔇垄庻櫆婘昄扞康镖䆴䔇昄扞䕞嘘麯㔗HBA 䔇懟攺滇"host-based authentication"幘儌滇嘺庯婂橺䔇螴臕㔗婘 initdb 彺哋寡昄扞䕞嘘䔇施唍垄嚔垬輙婔婻䚺䩕䔇 pg_hba.conf 桺傽㔗婉誺潏傸幘埇傖檪螴臕陉䘞桺傽櫆婘噽垄婄桹埗黙 hba_file 陉䘞埗昄㔗

pg_hba.conf 桺傽䔇婩䫘湚嚟滇婔䂇螄嘘懟臯婔溇㔗䷺䍘臯儖赆媘䘖庘埙 # 嚔崘䔇濘麪幘赆媘䘖㔗婔溇螄嘘滇䫌苖幾䫘䷺湚启/潡彽臘严彖锫䔇庖枕䂇潊㔗套悩庖枕䫘嚘埙寙啘闼幽垄埇傖寙劆䷺䍘㔗螄嘘婉脘虘臯庻婘㔗

懟溇螄嘘弄滯婔䓉誂毖䌂傋㔕婔婻垵潙䆇 IP 婄应评啘(套悩启誂毖䌂傋䕩噿䔇臺)㔕婔婻昄扞康劉㔕婔婻䫘潙劉庖㔕凹对陉認底埗昄䔇誂毖嘪䫘䔇螴臕桹濘㔗丸婔溇对陉誂毖䌂傋㔕垵潙䆇婄应㔕誂毖臙挗䔇昄扞康劉启䫘潙劉䔇螄嘘儖䫘庯欓臯螴臕㔗認婻崇䊖誺䘋澇橬"虘轪"潡蔙"啂崘"䔇臘濘套悩锬拷庖婔溇螄嘘蔯婫螴臕崌蘖闼幽儖婉喉蔄荏劯麵䔇螄嘘㔗套悩澇橬对陉䔇螄嘘闼幽螪閞儖赆拐䂺㔗

懟溇螄嘘埇傖滇婋麵婄䓉湚嚟幋婔

local      database  user  auth-method  [auth-option]
host       database  user  CIDR-address  auth-method  [auth-option]
hostssl    database  user  CIDR-address  auth-method  [auth-option]
hostnossl  database  user  CIDR-address  auth-method  [auth-option]
host       database  user  IP-address  IP-mask  auth-method  [auth-option]
hostssl    database  user  IP-address  IP-mask  auth-method  [auth-option]
hostnossl  database  user  IP-address  IP-mask  auth-method  [auth-option]

劇婻庖枕䔇劆幬套婋

local

認溇螄嘘对陉嚕商锔誺 Unix 嘘喖毖庖誕臯䔇誂毖㔗澇橬認䓉䌂傋䔇螄嘘儌婉噕螩 Unix 嘘喖毖庖䔇誂毖㔗

host

認溇螄嘘对陉嚕商锔誺 TCP/IP 誕臯䔇誂毖㔗host 螄嘘对陉 SSL 启麂 SSL 䔇誂毖臙挗㔗

㔊濘懟㔏鍴麂橉媇単婥五劽锗䔇 listen_addresses 陉䘞埗昄唚劇媘劥彍儖婉埇脘誕臯誩䘋䔇 TCP/IP 誂毖啹婺䚺䩕䔇臯婺滇埻䕏劸橸婄躻䯇婄应 localhost 䔇誂毖㔗

hostssl

認溇螄嘘对陉嚕商嘪䫘 TCP/IP 䔇 SSL 誂毖㔗嘖媙釂滇嘪䫘 SSL 媹凖䔇誂毖㔗

襕嘪䫘認婻锬釹䚡臏橉媇単䔇施唍媙釂欷嚔 SSL 櫇毕㔗蔯婫婘橉媇単劇媘䔇施唍媙釂欷嚔 ssl 陉䘞锬釹(埗黙誗16.7)㔗

hostnossl

認溇螄嘘婯 hostssl 䕩埉垄埻对陉闼底婘 TCP/IP 婪婉嘪䫘 SSL 䔇誂毖臙挗㔗

database

弄滯螄嘘欔对陉䔇昄扞康劉䓄㔗唚 all 臘滯臖螄嘘对陉欔橬昄扞康唚 sameuser 臘䴺套悩赆臙挗䔇昄扞康启臙挗䔇䫘潙劯劉彍对陉㔗唚 samerole 臘䴺臙挗䔇䫘潙媙釂滇婔婻婯昄扞康劯劉䔇蓐謾婺䔇潊叻(samegroup 滇婔婻噾䂟庘嚄庖嘖䕞嬉傉䇽赆毖埖䔇 samerole劯幬臉)㔗婘噽垄愙喕麯認儌滇婔婻䬹垔䔇 PostgreSQL 昄扞康劉庖㔗埇傖锔誺䫘锖埙彖锫䔇桹濘弄滯崔婻昄扞康幘埇傖锔誺嬉䚔 @ 準弄滯婔婻寙劆昄扞康劉䔇桺傽㔗

user

婺認溇螄嘘弄滯欔对陉䔇昄扞康䫘潙㔗唚 all 臘滯垄对陉庯欔橬䫘潙㔗劥彍垄儌滇䬹垔昄扞康䫘潙䔇劉庖潡蔙滇婔婻嬉䚔 + 䔇䂇劉䓄㔗臙濘懟婘 PostgreSQL 麯䫘潙启䂇澇橬䩘溼䔇寺彆+ 垂鍙婪埻滇懟叿五"对陉傂嘘䕘毖潡蔙閘毖匂庯認婻蓐謾䔇潊叻"蔯澇橬 + 螄埙䔇劉庖埻对陉毺垔䔇蓐謾㔗崔婻䫘潙劉埇傖锔誺䫘锖埙彖锫䔇桹濘弄滯㔗婔婻寙劆䫘潙劉䔇桺傽埇傖锔誺婘桺傽劉嬉麵嬉䚔 @ 準弄滯㔗

CIDR-address

弄滯認溇螄嘘对陉䔇垵潙䆇橺単䔇 IP 婄应评啘㔗垄寙劆婔婻湺庖䔇䗹彖剕誕彽䔇 IP 婄应(埻脘䫘昄唚蔯婉脘䫘嘘潡婂橺劉)启婔婻 CIDR 毷乕阪庥㔗毷乕阪庥臘䴺垵潙䆇 IP 婄应媙釂对陉䔇醻嘉庯誕彽嘉昄㔗婘䂍庺䔇 IP 婄应麯認婻阪庥䔇埿膹䔇庯誕彽嘉媙釂婺镽㔗婘 IP 婄应㔕/ 㔕CIDR 毷乕阪庥幋閘婉脘橬䷺䍘㔗

噩傋䔇 CIDR-address 婆冋172.20.143.89/32 臘䴺婔婻婂橺172.20.143.0/24 臘䴺婔婻償床䘏10.6.0.0/16 臘䴺婔婻崓床䘏㔗襕弄滯剘婻婂橺䂍 IPv4 婄应弄滯 CIDR 毷乕 32 䂍 IPv6 婄应弄滯 128 㔗婉襕婘婄应婺䩕䘖䂷儆䔇 0 㔗

傖 IPv4 湚嚟䂍庺䔇 IP 婄应嚔对陉闼底拖橬凹庫婄应䔇 IPv6 誂毖懫套 127.0.0.1 儖对陉 IPv6 婄应 ::ffff:127.0.0.1 㔗婔婻傖 IPv6 湚嚟䂍庺䔇螄嘘儖埻对陉 IPv6 誂毖剿嘪凹庫䔇婄应婘 IPv4-in-IPv6 评啘喙㔗臙濘懟套悩係䂘䔇 C 康婉櫇毕 IPv6 婄应闼幽 IPv6 䔇湚嚟儖赆拐䂺㔗

認婻庖枕埻锗䫘庯 host, hostssl, hostnossl 螄嘘㔗

IP-address
IP-mask

認底桹濘埇傖䫘庯嘩婺 CIDR-address 臘䴺濘䔇敪臖㔗垄婉滇弄滯毷乕䔇阪庥蔯滇婘埥崡婔婻庖枕麯弄滯垂鍙䔇毷乕㔗懫套255.0.0.0 臘䴺 IPv4 CIDR 毷乕阪庥 8 蔯 255.255.255.255 臘䴺 CIDR 毷乕阪庥 32 㔗

認底庖枕埻锗䫘庯 host, hostssl, hostnossl 螄嘘㔗

auth-method

弄滯锔誺認溇螄嘘誂毖䔇施唍嘪䫘䔇螴臕桹濘㔗埇脘䔇锬拷婘婋麵䞔傋臥䂖愙喕婘誗20.2婺傋䂉㔗

trust

方溇傽婄噕螩誂毖㔗認婻桹濘噕螩傂嘘埇傖婯 PostgreSQL 昄扞康橉媇単誂毖䔇䫘潙傖傡傸橘橕䔇傂懟 PostgreSQL 昄扞康䫘潙躆傘誕臯誂毖蔯婉驔襕埼傴㔗埗黙誗20.2.1诙埡䂖誗㔗

reject

方溇傽婄拐䂺誂毖㔗婩䫘庯傯婔婻䂇婺"誺悴"昊底婂橺㔗

md5

襕挗垵潙䆇柊冕婔婻 MD5 媹凖䔇埼傴誕臯螴臕㔗埗黙誗20.2.2诙埡䂖誗㔗

crypt

㔊濘懟㔏認婻锬釹埻橬婘婯 7.2 傖嬉䔇垵潙䆇誕臯锔螇䔇施唍欉傺螞嘪䫘㔗

crypt 襕挗垵潙䆇柊冕婔婻 crypt() 媹凖䔇埼傴䫘庯螴臕㔗䯄婘潏傸傺螞嘪䫘 md5 㔗埗黙誗20.2.2㔗

password

襕挗垵潙䆇柊冕婔婻橻媹凖䔇埼傴誕臯螴臕㔗啹婺埼傴滇傖滯桺嘵嚟婘䘏䂩婪嚹锐䔇欔傖潏傸婉庫臖婘婉垬噘䔇䘏䂩婪嘪䫘認婻桹嚟㔗幽婫垄锔婩誻婉脘启亪䘋寡䔇垵潙䆇庫䫘婔蕙嘪䫘㔗埗黙誗20.2.2诙埡䂖誗㔗

krb5

䫘 Kerberos V5 螴臕䫘潙㔗埻橬婘誕臯 TCP/IP 誂毖䔇施唍欉脘䫘㔗埗黙誗20.2.3诙埡䂖誗㔗

ident

诙埡垵潙䔇淉嘩係䂘劉䇽劯演昖臖䫘潙滇劥噕螩傖襕挗䔇昄扞康䫘潙誕臯誂毖桹濘滇埗䙓婘 ident 噿髞庖劯麵弄滯䔇滹儇㔗凹庯 TCP/IP 誂毖䫘潙䔇躆傘滇锔誺婯誊臯婘垵潙䆇婪䔇 ident 橉媇単誂毖誕臯彴桺䔇凹庯橸婄誂毖垄滇傯淉嘩係䂘诙埡䔇㔗埗黙誗20.2.4诙埡䂖誗㔗

ldap

嘪䫘 LDAP 誕臯螴臕㔗埗黙誗20.2.5诙埡䂖誗㔗

pam

嘪䫘淉嘩係䂘柊冕䔇埇某噖螴臕昇庖橉媇(PAM)準螴臕㔗埗黙誗20.2.6诙埡䂖誗㔗

auth-option

認婻埇锬庖枕䔇劆幬埡喿庯锬拷䔇螴臕桹濘㔗䂖誗婘婋麵㔗

䫘 @ 悇锹寙劆䔇桺傽滇嘷嘩婔彖劉庖臂埡䔇認底劉庖埇傖䫘䷺䍘潡蔙锖埙彖锫㔗濘麪䫘 # 嚘噖儌償婘 pg_hba.conf 麯闼湙噕螩啯喖 @ 悇锹㔗鍴麂虘婘 @ 劯麵䔇桺傽劉滇婔婻䂺凹虇冇劥彍赆嘷嘩婯臖桺傽欔婘䕞嘘䕩凹䔇虇冇㔗

啹婺螴臕施係䂘滇婺懟婻誂毖臙挗釺废演昖 pg_hba.conf 麯䔇螄嘘䔇欔傖認底螄嘘䔇釺废滇麂婩噿髞䔇㔗锔婩麹嬉䔇螄嘘橬懫膄婖䔇誂毖对陉埗昄启懫膄嚌䔇螴臕桹濘蔯麹劯䔇螄嘘橬懫膄溆䔇对陉埗昄启懫膄婖䔇螴臕桹濘㔗懫套潏傸婔轸鄘婯橕凹橸婄 TCP/IP 誂毖嘪䫘 trust 螴臕蔯凹誩䆇䔇 TCP/IP 誂毖襕挗埼傴㔗婘認䓉愙喕婋潏傸儖 trust 螴臕桹濘䫘庯準躻 127.0.0.1 䔇誂毖認溇螄嘘儖庺䯄婘噕螩敘幪濕䔇垵潙䆇 IP 婄应䔇嘪䫘埼傴螴臕䔇螄嘘嬉麵㔗

婘劇媘启婂橉媇単誕䘋櫽彄 SIGHUP 媇埙䔇施唍係䂘鄘嚔麉桄輙蘘 pg_hba.conf 桺傽㔗套悩嘹婘昂虄䔇係䂘婪䚡膏庖臖桺傽儌媙釂锔䘖橉媇単(嘪䫘 pg_ctl reload 潡 kill -HUP)麉桄媹蘘臖桺傽㔗

㔊柊䴺㔏婔婻䫘潙襕愿潊媘誂毖彄䬹垔䔇昄扞康婉備驔襕锔誺 pg_hba.conf 䔇演昖誻媙釂襕橬臖昄扞康婪䔇 CONNECT 溄鍊㔗套悩婯橕鍊彽巻底䫘潙脘崘誂毖彄巻底昄扞康蕋庽/搴體 CONNECT 溄鍊锔婩懫婘 pg_hba.conf 婺螆䘞蓇彍䞔剘㔗

冋20-1麯滇 pg_hba.conf 螄嘘䔇婔底冋床㔗黙臂婋桺䊖蓼婉劯螴臕桹濘䔇䂖誗㔗

冋20-1. pg_hba.conf 螄嘘䔇冋床

# Allow any user on the local system to connect to any database under
# 噕螩婘橸橺婪䔇傂嘘䫘潙嘪䫘 Unix 嘘喖毖庖(橸婄誂毖䔇䚺䩕)傖傂嘘昄扞康䫘潙躆傘誂毖傂嘘昄扞康
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        CIDR-ADDRESS          METHOD
local   all         all                               trust

# 启婪麵䕩劯嘖滇嘪䫘䔇滇啂䯇䔇(loopback)TCP/IP 誂毖
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        CIDR-ADDRESS          METHOD
host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          trust     

# 启婪麵婔臯䕩劯嘖滇䫘䔇滇䋸䆋䔇毷乕庖枕
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        IP-ADDRESS    IP-MASK             METHOD
host    all         all         127.0.0.1     255.255.255.255     trust     

# 噕螩 IP 婄应婺 192.168.93.x 䔇傂嘘婂橺婯 "postgres" 昄扞康䕩誂
# 䫘婯傡傸婘躻噌䔇婂橺婪䕩劯 ident 䔇䫘潙劉湺臖傡躻噌(锔婩滇傡䔇 Unix 䫘潙劉)
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        CIDR-ADDRESS          METHOD
host    postgres    all         192.168.93.0/24       ident sameuser

# 噕螩準躻婂橺 192.168.12.10 䔇䫘潙柊冕庖溼䇞䔇埼傴幋劯婯 "postgres" 昄扞康誂毖㔗
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        CIDR-ADDRESS          METHOD
host    postgres    all         192.168.12.10/32      md5

# 套悩嬉麵澇橬噽垄 "host" 臯闼幽婋麵婴臯儖拐䂺欔橬準躻 192.168.54.1 䔇誂毖臙挗(啹婺嬉麵䔇螄嘘噽对陉)㔗
# 嘖滇噕螩準躻庐蕫䘏婪噽垄傂嘘婄桹䔇橬昽䔇 Kerberos 5 螴臕䔇誂毖㔗
# 镽毷乕臘䴺婉蔄荏婂橺 IP 䔇傂嘘嘉㔗啹溴垄对陉傂嘘婂橺㔗
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        CIDR-ADDRESS          METHOD
host    all         all         192.168.54.1/32       reject
host    all         all         0.0.0.0/0             krb5

# 噕螩準躻 192.168.x.x 䔇傂嘘䫘潙婯傂懟昄扞康誂毖埻襕傡傸锔誺 ident 演昖㔗
# 嘖套悩 ident 臘臖䫘潙滇 "bryanh" 婫傡襕挗傖 PostgreSQL 䫘潙 "guest1" 誂毖
# 闼幽埻橬婘 pg_ident.conf 麯橬 "omicron" 䔇滹儇臘 "bryanh" 噕螩傖 "guest1" 誕臯誂毖施欉䩘溼埇傖誕臯誂毖㔗
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        CIDR-ADDRESS          METHOD
host    all         all         192.168.0.0/16        ident omicron

# 套悩婋麵滇䫘庯橸婄誂毖䔇備橬䔇婬臯闼幽垄傸儖噕螩橸婄䫘潙埻启劯劉昄扞康誂毖㔗
# 埻橬䞇䊖叻启 "support" 蓐謾麯䔇潊叻冋崡傡傸埇傖誂毖彄傂嘘昄扞康㔗
# $PGDATA/admins 桺傽彖庺庖闼底噕螩婯欔橬昄扞康誂毖䔇䫘潙劉㔗
# 婘欔橬愙喕婋鄘驔襕埼傴㔗
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        CIDR-ADDRESS          METHOD
local   sameuser    all                               md5
local   all         @admins                           md5
local   all         +support                          md5

# 婪麵橔劯婴臯埇傖劽蕙準喍潊婔臯
local   all         @admins,+support                  md5

# 昄扞康庖枕幘埇傖嘪䫘彖臘启桺傽劉
local   db1,db2,@demodbs  all                         md5
劯锔饡釕嬉誕
䫘潙螴臕婪婔亓螴臕桹濘