Hibernate Map映射
Map映射是一個java集合存儲在鍵 - 值對的元素,並且不允許在列表中重複的元素。 Map接口提供三種collection視圖,允許Map內容看作是一組鍵-值集合,或者設置鍵 - 值映射關係。
Map被映射到映射表中一個<map>元素和無序的地圖可以在java.util.HashMap中被初始化。
定義RDBMS表:
考慮一個情況,我們需要員工記錄存儲在EMPLOYEE表,將有以下結構:
create table EMPLOYEE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, salary INT default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
此外,假設每個員工都可以有一個或多個與他/她相關的證書。我們將存儲證書的相關信息在一個單獨的表,該表具有以下結構:
create table CERTIFICATE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, certificate_type VARCHAR(40) default NULL, certificate_name VARCHAR(30) default NULL, employee_id INT default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
有一個對多(one-to-many )的關係在EMPLOYEE和證書對象之間。
定義POJO類:
讓我們實現一個POJO類員工將被用於保存與EMPLOYEE表中的對象和有證書的列表變量的集合。
import java.util.*; public class Employee { private int id; private String firstName; private String lastName; private int salary; private Map certificates; public Employee() {} public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) { this.firstName = fname; this.lastName = lname; this.salary = salary; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id ) { this.id = id; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName( String first_name ) { this.firstName = first_name; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName( String last_name ) { this.lastName = last_name; } public int getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary( int salary ) { this.salary = salary; } public Map getCertificates() { return certificates; } public void setCertificates( Map certificates ) { this.certificates = certificates; } }
我們需要相應的證書表定義另一個POJO類,這樣的證書對象可以存儲和檢索到的證書表。
public class Certificate{ private int id; private String name; public Certificate() {} public Certificate(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id ) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName( String name ) { this.name = name; } }
定義Hibernate映射文件:
讓我們開發指示Hibernate如何定義的類映射到數據庫表的映射文件。<map>元素將被用於定義所使用的映射的規則。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the employee detail. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <map name="certificates" cascade="all"> <key column="employee_id"/> <index column="certificate_type" type="string"/> <one-to-many class="Certificate"/> </map> <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/> <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/> <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/> </class> <class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the certificate records. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
應該保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。我們保存映射文件中的文件Employee.hbm.xml。已經熟悉了大部分的映射細節,但讓我們再次看映射文件中的所有元素:
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映射文檔是具有<hibernate-mapping>為對應於每一個類包含2個<class>元素的根元素的XML文檔。
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<class>元素被用於定義數據庫表從一個Java類特定的映射。 Java類名指定使用class元素的name屬性和使用表屬性數據庫表名指定。
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<meta>元素是可選元素,可以用來創建類的描述。
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<id>元素映射在類中的唯一ID屬性到數據庫表的主鍵。 id元素的name屬性是指屬性的類和column屬性是指在數據庫表中的列。 type屬性保存了Hibernate映射類型,這種類型的映射將會從Java轉換為SQL數據類型。
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id元素內的<generator>元素被用來自動生成的主鍵值。將生成元素的class屬性設置為原產於讓Hibernate拿起無論是identity,sequence或者hilo中的算法來創建主鍵根據底層數據庫的支持能力。
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<property>元素用於一個Java類的屬性映射到數據庫表中的列。元素的name屬性是指屬性的類和column屬性是指在數據庫表中的列。 type屬性保存了Hibernate映射類型,這種類型的映射將會從Java轉換為SQL數據類型。
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<map>元素用於設置證書和Employee類之間的關係。我們使用cascade屬性的<map>元素來告訴Hibernate來保存證書的對象,同時為Employee對象。 name屬性設置為定義Mapvariable在父類中,在我們的案例中是證書。
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<index>的元素用於表示鍵/值對地圖的關鍵部位。該鍵將使用一個字符串類型的存儲在列certificate_type。
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<key>元素是包含外鍵的父對象,即在證書表中的列。表EMPLOYEE。
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<one-to-many>元素表示一個Employee對象涉及到很多證書的對象,並因此,證書對象必須有與Employee父類有關。可以根據需要使用<one-to-one>,<many-to-one>或<many-to-many>這個元素。
創建應用程序類:
最後,創建應用程序類的main()方法來運行應用程序。使用這個應用程序來保存員工記錄地連同證書列表,然後在應用上執行CRUD操作上的記錄。
import java.util.*; import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class ManageEmployee { private static SessionFactory factory; public static void main(String[] args) { try{ factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); }catch (Throwable ex) { System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex); throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); } ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee(); /* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */ HashMap set = new HashMap(); set.put("ComputerScience", new Certificate("MCA")); set.put("BusinessManagement", new Certificate("MBA")); set.put("ProjectManagement", new Certificate("PMP")); /* Add employee records in the database */ Integer empID = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); /* Update employee's salary records */ ME.updateEmployee(empID, 5000); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); } /* Method to add an employee record in the database */ public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary, HashMap cert){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; Integer employeeID = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary); employee.setCertificates(cert); employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } return employeeID; } /* Method to list all the employees detail */ public void listEmployees( ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list(); for (Iterator iterator1 = employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){ Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next(); System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName()); System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName()); System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary()); Map ec = employee.getCertificates(); System.out.println("Certificate: " + (((Certificate)ec.get("ComputerScience")).getName())); System.out.println("Certificate: " + (((Certificate)ec.get("BusinessManagement")).getName())); System.out.println("Certificate: " + (((Certificate)ec.get("ProjectManagement")).getName())); } tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to update salary for an employee */ public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); employee.setSalary( salary ); session.update(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to delete an employee from the records */ public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); session.delete(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } }
編譯和執行:
下麵是步驟來編譯並運行上述應用程序。請確保您已在進行的編譯和執行之前,已經適當地設置PATH和CLASSPATH。
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創建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件,在配置章節已經解釋和學習。
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創建Employee.hbm.xml映射文件,如上圖所示。
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創建Employee.java源文件,如上圖所示,並編譯它。
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創建Certificate.java源文件,如上圖所示,並編譯它。
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創建ManageEmployee.java源文件,如上圖所示,並編譯它。
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執行ManageEmployee二進製文件來運行程序。
會在屏幕上獲得以下結果,並同時創建記錄在員工和證書表。
$java ManageEmployee .......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........ First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000 Certificate: MCA Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000 Certificate: MCA Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP
如果檢查員工和證書表,就應該記錄下了:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE; +----+------------+-----------+--------+ | id | first_name | last_name | salary | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ | 60 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>select * from CERTIFICATE; +----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+ | id | certificate_type | certificate_name | employee_id | +----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+ | 16 | ProjectManagement | PMP | 60 | | 17 | BusinessManagement | MBA | 60 | | 18 | ComputerScience | MCA | 60 | +----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>